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| Aging and Emotional Memory Grühn, Daniel |
| Haupttitel | Aging and Emotional Memory |
| Titelzusatz | Evidence from a Heterogeneity-Homogeneity List Paradigm using Emotionally-toned Words |
| Titelvariante | Alter und Emotionales Gedächtnis |
| Zusatz zur Titelvariante | Befunde eines Heterogenitäts-Homogenitäts-Paradigmas mit emotionalen Wörtern |
| Autor | Grühn, Daniel
Geburtsort: Minden, Deutschland |
| Gutachter | Prof. Dr. Jacqui Smith |
| weitere Gutachter | Prof. Dr. Arthur M. Jacobs Prof. Dr. Paul B. Baltes |
| Freie Schlagwörter | Age differences, Emotional Memory, Memory Processes, Valence, Words |
| DDC | 150 Psychologie |
| Zusammenfassung | Recent work in the social cognitive aging literature, encounters a domain of functioning that might reveal a positive trajectory into old age, namely emotional memory. Some authors argue that older adults prioritize positive over negative information in memory and more so than young adults do. In order to investigate age-related differences in an emotion-based processing prioritization (i.e. preference for positive information), I used the heterogeneity-homogeneity list paradigm. If processing prioritization contributes to the proposed positivity effect in older adults memory, a positivity effect is expected in an emotion-heterogeneous but not in an emotion-homogeneous list context. Based on a preparatory word rating study, in which 24 young and 24 older adults were asked to rate 200 adjectives on six dimensions (valence, arousal, control, imagery, self-relevance, age-relevance), 30 negative, 30 positive, and 30 neutral words were selected. Words were combined to form three emotion-homogeneous (lists of 30 negative, 30 positive, and 30 neutral words) and three emotion-heterogeneous lists (three mixed lists of 10 positive, 10 negative, and 10 neutral words). In a between-subjects design, 72 young (aged 18 to 31 years) and 72 older adults (aged 64 to 75 years) were presented emotion-heterogeneous or emotion-homogeneous word lists and were asked to do a free recall across five learning trials and two long-term retention intervals (1-hour, 1-week). Regarding the effects of valence, both age groups recalled more negative than positive and neutral words in an emotion-heterogeneous list condition. In an emotion-homogeneous list condition, however, both age groups showed no recall differences between positive and negative words. In both list conditions, there was no evidence for the proposed positivity effect in older adults memory (i.e., no Age x Valence interaction). Follow-up analyses showed that the obtained findings were robust. The effects of valence were not moderated by (a) interindividual differences in person characteristics, (b) differences in word characteristics, or (c) the subjective evaluation of the to-be-remembered words by the participants. The findings in the two long-term retention intervals supported the pattern of findings in the learning phase. Contrary to recent proposals in the lifespan literature, the present dissertation did not support the idea that age differently modulates memory for positive and negative material. However, across the two contexts, a differential pattern of recalling positive and negative words was found. This finding is consistent with the idea that negative information receives processing priority in some contexts. |
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| Fachbereich/Einrichtung | FB Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie |
| Erscheinungsjahr | 2006 |
| Dokumententyp/-Sammlungen | Dissertation |
| Medientyp/Format | Text |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Rechte | Nutzungsbedingungen |
| Tag der Disputation | 11.12.2006 |
| Erstellt am | 14.12.2006 - 00:00:00 |
| Letzte Änderung | 19.02.2010 - 12:45:13 |
| Alte Darwin URL | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2006/655/ |
| Statische URL | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000002438 |
| URN | urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000002438-3 |
| Zugriffsstatistik | |
